Intercultural studies analyzes aspects such as language, culture, politics, religion and others that may be helpful in helping learners develop and foster a more inclusive perspective of the world as a whole.

The PhD is a doctoral degree, specifically called a "doctor of philosophy" degree. This is misleading because PhD holders are not necessarily philosophers (unless they earned their degree in philosophy!). That said, PhD recipients are able to engage in thought experiments, reason about problems, and solve problems in sophisticated ways.