Applied ethics is the study of moral decisions within a public or private framework. It is also a branch of philosophy that deals with how organizations answer moral questions and the results of those answers. Some subfields include legal ethics, environmental ethics and bioethics.

The PhD is a doctoral degree, specifically called a "doctor of philosophy" degree. This is misleading because PhD holders are not necessarily philosophers (unless they earned their degree in philosophy!). That said, PhD recipients are able to engage in thought experiments, reason about problems, and solve problems in sophisticated ways.

Online or distance learning refers to the use of electronic media and information and communication technologies (ICT) in education. With online learning, one can access education at any time and from any location with an available internet connection.